The correct choice of the material is a main criteria for the efficiency of the kiln. Especially important for the selection of the materials are:
Temperature, type of firing and type of gases. All given analysis correspond to DIN. There can be deviations in the chains we deliver.
Carbon and alloy steels
For the section below 500°C. In case of higher wear, alloy steels are recommended. These steels can be heat treated in order to obtain a harder surface and therefore, lower wear.
Ferritic steels
These steels fit best to sulphurous gases, but do not suit for nitriding and for carburizing conditions.
Austenitic steels
They are most suitable to carburizing conditions, but unsuitable for gases with more than 1% sulphur.
Austenitic-manganese steels
Combines the advantages of the both mentioned steels, these steels are suitable for sulphur containing gases with carburizing conditions.
Material Number |
Sym-
bol |
US Standard |
Chemical composition |
|
|
|
|
C |
Si |
Mn |
< P |
< S |
Cr |
Ni |
Al |
|
Carbon steels
|
1.0035* |
St 33 |
C 1008 |
= 0,30 |
= 0,30 |
0,20 - 0,50 |
0,060 |
0,050 |
- |
- |
- |
|
1.0207 |
St 35 - 2 |
C 1010 |
0,06 - 0,14 |
traces |
0,40 - 0,60 |
0,035 |
0,035 |
- |
- |
- |
1) |
1.0402 |
C 22 |
C 1020 |
0,17 - 0,24 |
= 0,40 |
0,40 - 0,70 |
0,045 |
0,045 |
= 0,40 |
= 0,40 |
- |
2) |
1.0495 |
21 Mn 5 |
C 1022 |
0,18 - 0,24 |
= 0,25 |
1,10 - 1,60 |
0,035 |
0,035 |
- |
- |
0,02 - 0,05 |
1) |
1.0570 |
St 52 - 3 |
C 1024 |
= 0,20 |
= 0,55 |
= 1,60 |
0,035 |
0,035 |
- |
- |
- |
|
1.0501 |
C 35 |
C 1035 |
0,32 - 0,39 |
= 0,40 |
0,50 - 0,80 |
0,045 |
0,045 |
= 0,40 |
= 0,40 |
- |
3) |
Alloy steels |
1.7225 |
42 Cr Mo 4 |
SAE 4140 |
0,38 - 0,45 |
= 0,40 |
0,60 - 0,90 |
0,035 |
0,035 |
0,90 - 1,20 |
- |
- |
4) |
1.6523 |
20 Ni Cr Mo2 - 2 |
SAE 8620 |
0,17 - 0,23 |
= 0,40 |
0,65 - 0,90 |
0,035 |
0,035 |
0,35 - 0,70 |
0,40 - 0,70 |
- |
5) |
Ferritic steels |
1.4713 |
X 10 Cr Al 7 |
8 F |
= 0,12 |
0,5 - 1,0 |
= 1,0 |
0,040 |
0,015 |
6,0 - 8,0 |
- |
0,50 - 1,00 |
|
1.4724 |
X 10 Cr Al 13 |
9 F |
= 0,12 |
0,7 - 1,4 |
= 1,0 |
0,040 |
0,015 |
12,0 - 14,0 |
- |
0,70 - 1,20 |
|
1.4742 |
X 10 Cr Al 18 |
10 F |
= 0,12 |
0,7 - 1,4 |
= 1,0 |
0,040 |
0,015 |
17,0 - 19,0 |
- |
0,70 - 1,20 |
|
Austenitic steels |
1.4301 |
X 5 Cr Ni 18 10 |
304 |
= 0,07 |
= 1,0 |
= 2,0 |
0,045 |
0,015 |
17,0 - 19,5 |
8,0 - 10,5 |
- |
6) |
1.4821 |
X 15 Cr Ni Si 25 4 |
329 |
0,10 - 0,20 |
0,8 - 1,5 |
= 2,0 |
0,040 |
0,015 |
24,0 - 26,5 |
3,5 - 5,5 |
- |
6) |
1.4828 |
X 15 Cr Ni Si 20 12 |
309 |
= 0,20 |
1,5 - 2,5 |
= 2,0 |
0,045 |
0,015 |
19,0 - 21,0 |
11,0 - 13,0 |
- |
6) |
1.4841 |
X 15 Cr Ni Si 25 20 |
310 |
= 0,20 |
1,5 - 2,5 |
= 2,0 |
0,045 |
0,015 |
24,0 - 26,0 |
19,0 - 22,0 |
- |
6) |
1.4541 |
X 6 Cr Ni Ti 18 10 |
321 |
= 0,08 |
= 1,0 |
= 2,0 |
0,045 |
0,015 |
17,0 - 19,0 |
9,0 - 12,0 |
- |
|
Austenitic manganese steels |
85 MA |
- |
- |
0,2 - 0,3 |
= 1,0 |
7,0 - 9,0 |
0,045 |
0,015 |
16,0 - 18,0 |
3,5 - 4,5 |
- |
7) |
105 MA** |
- |
- |
0,2 - 0,3 |
= 1,0 |
8,0 - 10,0 |
0,045 |
0,015 |
19,0 - 21,0 |
3,5 - 4,5 |
- |
|
115 MA |
- |
- |
0,2 - 0,3 |
= 1,0 |
8,0 - 10,0 |
0,045 |
0,015 |
24,0 - 26,0 |
5,0 - 7,0 |
- |
|
* No analysis given in DIN, values are recommended values only.
** Material 100 MA is replaced by material 105 MA.
1) Cu = 0,25; N = 0,012
2) Mo = 0,10; Ni = 0,40; (Cr+Mo+Ni) = 0,63
3) Mo = 0,10
4) Mo 0,15 - 0,30
5) Mo 0,15 - 0,25
6) N = 0,11
7) N 0,25 - 0,36
Material
Number |
Scale resisting
up to (gas temperature) |
Recommended temp.
(gas
temperature)
|
Firing |
|
°C |
F |
C° |
F |
Oil |
Gas |
Carbon |
Carbon steels
|
1.0035* |
500 |
932 |
= 500 |
= 932 |
|
|
|
1.0207 |
500 |
932 |
= 500 |
= 932 |
|
|
|
1.0402 |
500 |
932 |
= 500 |
= 932 |
|
|
|
1.0495 |
500 |
932 |
= 500 |
= 932 |
|
|
|
1.0570 |
500 |
932 |
= 500 |
= 932 |
|
|
|
1.0501 |
500 |
932 |
= 500 |
= 932 |
|
|
|
Alloy steels |
1.7225 |
550 |
1.022 |
= 550 |
= 1.022 |
|
|
|
1.6523 |
550 |
1.022 |
= 550 |
= 1.022 |
|
|
|
Ferritic steels |
1.4713 |
850 |
1.562 |
500 - 800 |
932 - 1.472 |
|
|
|
1.4724 |
950 |
1.742 |
500 - 900 |
932 - 1.652 |
|
|
|
1.4742 |
1.100 |
2.012 |
800 - 1.050 |
1.472 - 1.922 |
|
|
|
Austenitic steels |
1.4301 |
850 |
1.562 |
500 - 850 |
932 - 1.562 |
|
|
|
1.4821 |
1.100 |
2.012 |
800 - 1.100 |
1.472 - 2.012 |
|
|
|
1.4828 |
1.050 |
1.922 |
800 - 1.050 |
1.472 - 1.922 |
|
|
|
1.4841 |
1.200 |
2.192 |
850 - 1.200 |
1.562 - 2.192 |
|
|
|
1.4541 |
850 |
1.562 |
500 - 850 |
932 - 1.562 |
|
|
|
Austenitic manganese steels |
85 MA |
850 |
1.562 |
500 - 850 |
932 - 1.562 |
|
|
|
105 MA** |
1.000 |
2.012 |
700 - 950 |
1.292 - 1.742 |
|
|
|
115 MA |
1.200 |
2.192 |
850 - 1.200 |
1.562 - 2.192 |
|
|
|
Material
Number |
Structure |
Sigma
phase
brittleness |
Suitable
for
carburizing
conditions
|
Suitable for
sulphur
containing
gases |
Surface hardness HV
heat treatment |
without |
with |
Carbon steels
|
1.0035* |
ferrite/perlite |
no |
|
|
180 |
250 |
1.0207 |
ferrite/perlite |
no |
|
|
180 |
250 |
1.0402 |
ferrite/perlite |
no |
|
|
200 |
250 |
1.0495 |
ferrite/perlite |
no |
|
|
230 |
400 |
1.0570 |
ferrite/perlite |
no |
|
|
230 |
400 |
1.0501 |
ferrite/perlite |
no |
|
|
230 |
600 |
Alloy steels |
1.7225 |
ferrite/perlite |
no |
|
|
250 |
450 |
1.6523 |
ferrite/perlite |
no |
|
|
250 |
450 |
Ferritic steels |
1.4713 |
ferrite |
no |
|
|
|
|
1.4724 |
ferrite |
no |
|
|
|
|
1.4742 |
ferrite |
= 800°C |
|
|
|
|
Austenitic steels |
1.4301 |
austenite |
no |
|
|
|
|
1.4821 |
austenite |
no |
|
|
|
|
1.4828 |
austenite |
no |
|
|
|
|
1.4841 |
austenite |
no |
|
|
|
|
1.4541 |
austenite |
no |
|
|
|
|
Austenitic manganese steels |
85 MA |
aust./manganese |
no |
|
|
|
|
105 MA** |
aust./manganese |
= 650°C |
|
|
|
|
115 MA |
aust./manganese |
= 750°C |
|
|
|
|
|
